使用关系代词应注意几点?

使用关系代词应注意几点?

使用关系代词应注意的几个问题关系代词所指代的可以是某人,也可以是某物.关系代词除了引导定语从句外,在定语从句中还要充当一定的句子成分,如：主语、宾语、定语和表语.但在使用过程中,同学们还存在一些问题,希望下文能帮助大家很好地掌握关系代词的用法.一、关系代词who, which, that在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词的数必须和先行词的人称和数保持一致.【真题赏析】He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship for three years. (2002上海春招)A. is B. are C. have been D. has been【解析】当先行词是one of the + 名词复数,定语从句谓语动词与复数名词保持一致；当先行词是the only one +复数名词时,定语从句谓语动词与one保持一致,故选D.二、关系代词whose可以指代人或物,在定语从句中作定语,表示某物时,可用the+ 名词+ of which来代替.【真题赏析】1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was stuck by floods, from ________ effects the people are still suffering. （2005天津） A. that B. whose C. those D. what2. George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. （2004北京）A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name【解析】真题1后部分是对前面的名词floods起一个补充说明的作用,首先判定它是一个whose引导的非限制性定语从句,whose指代floods,其余三个选项不能引导非限制性定语从句,故选B.真题2 同样是whose引导的非限制性定语从句,指代George Orwell,故选D.三、关系代词的省略情况.关系代词which, that, who, whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语、表语时,在口语中常可以省略.【真题赏析】— Why does she always ask you for help? （2005北京） — There is no one else _______ , is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn to D. for her to turn 【解析】由上下文语境可知“她没有别的能帮助她的人”,后面是一个省略了关系代词whom的限制性定语从句,故选B.四、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别which引导非限制性定语从句,可以指代前面某一个词的意思,也可以指代整个句子的意思,意为“这,这一点”,常位于先行词后；as引导非限制性定语从句时,常指代整个句子的意思,意为“这,这一点；正如,正像”可以位于句首、句中,也可位于句末.作“这,这一点”讲时,可以和which替换.【真题赏析】________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （2004江苏）A. Which B. When C. What D. As【解析】从句子结构上来看,两部分中间是逗号,前部分只能是一个非限制性定语从句,as在从句中作主语,指代后部分句子内容.as引导非限制性定语从句可以位于句首,也可以位于句末,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于句末,故选D.五、关系代词的选择一般情况下,指物用关系代词which, whose, 指人时用关系代词who, whom, whose或that.但有些特殊情况应值得注意,1. 当先行词和定语从句之间有插入语,如：you know, I think等时,关系代词的选择与这些插入语无关,要根据定语从句的谓语动词和先行词来确定.【真题赏析】— Is that the small town you often refer to? （2005福建）— Right, just the one_________ you know I used to work for years. A．that B．which C．where D．what【解析】从表面看,大家很容易选B,而忽略插入语you know在句中不充当句子成分,从句谓语动词是work, 不及物动词,故应用关系副词而不用关系代词which, that, 所以选C.2. 有些表示时间、地点或原因的名词作先行词时,定语从句可用关系代词或关系副词引导,关键要看从句谓语动词是及物还是不及物动词.是及物动词,则用关系代词,反之则用关系副词.【真题赏析】1. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. （2004浙江）A. when B. where C. what D. which2. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春招)A. he explained B. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he explained【解析】真题1先行词是evening, 大家很容易选A,从句部分缺少介词about的宾语,故选D；真题2先行词是reason, 大家容易选D,而忽略定语从句中的谓语动词explain是及物动词,须跟宾语,B、C两项中的how, what不能引导定语从句,故选A,在此省略了关系代词which或that.3． 有些名词具有多重含义,如：lawyer, teacher, doctor等,可以表示某人,也可以表示某种职业,作先行词时,关系代词就有变化.【真题赏析】Her sister has become a lawyer, ___________she wanted to be. （2005湖北） A. who B. that C. what D. which【解析】该题lawyer表示一种职业,而不是表示某人,故不用who, 而用which来引导非限制性定语从句,故选D.六、非限制性定语从句和其他并列分句的区别非限制性定语从句是对前面的名词或代词起补充、说明的作用,其前常用逗号隔开.非限制性定语从句常相当于并列分句.【真题赏析】1. Jim passed the driving test, __________surprised everybody in the office. 2005浙江） A. which B. that C. this D. it2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _______ didn’t help.（全国卷Ⅲ） A. it B. she C. which D. he 【解析】关系代词that一般情况下不引导非限制性定语从句,故真题1只能用which, 指代前面整句内容,选A,如在逗号后加连词and, 则后三项也成立；真题2逗号后有并列连词but, 故不能用which, 而用it指代前面句子的内容,选A,如去掉but, 则变为which引导的非限制性定语从句.七、as引导的非限制性定语从句与名词性从句as可以作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句位于句首时,其结构和某些主语从句结构相似,同学们在这上面容易出错.【真题赏析】________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. （2004北京） A. It B. As C. That D. What【解析】从句子结构看,该题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句,选B.如把逗号换为that,则变为it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真实主语的复合句；如把逗号换为is that,则变为what 引导的主语从句.八、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和介词+ 疑问代词引导的宾语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句结构和介词后跟疑问代词引导的宾语从句结构很相似,解题关键要看介词前有没有先行词,有则是定语从句,反之则是宾语从句.【真题赏析】1.The way he did it was different __________we were used to. （2005江西）A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which2. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago. （2004天津）A. what B. which C. that D. where【解析】真题1中四个选项结构相似,但空前是形容词different, 构成形容词短语be different from, 故后面跟疑问代词引导的宾语从句,选C；真题2中介词in前是动词短语set up, 故选A,what引导的宾语从句作介词in的宾语,一起构成介词短语,表示地点状语.如在in 后加上a place,则变为which, that 引导的定语从句.九、“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句时介词的选择这种结构中,一要注意介词的选择要根据前面名词或后面动词的搭配来确定,二要注意that, who不能用于这种结构,只可以用于介词不提前到关系代词这种情况.【真题赏析】1. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. （2005江西）A. in that B. for that C．in which D. for which 2. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （2004全国I）A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which【解析】真题1中,介词的选择根据从句中和动词的搭配来确定,构成train for,故选D；真题2中,介词的选择根据和前面名词的搭配来确定,构成in the play, 故选C.