英语翻译For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent la

英语翻译
For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology.Her ability to negotiate has been strengthened by the fact that most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets.Japan's position has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large,so that access to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses.Besides,Japan's work force was disciplined,so it was capable of applying the information it acquired.Finally,American and European companies,who were potential licensers,felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market if they were not limited by licensing agreement.
Conditions of this sort,coming together in one nation,may well be unique,and the case of Japan may therefore not actually demonstrate that licensing is just as efficient as multinational ownership for the transfer of technology.In fact,Japan maybe finding this method of operation less effective than in the past,as her needs for outside technology now require information which belongs to only a few companies and is more closely held.

在超过一百年的时间里,日本一直在投入大量的资金和人力来发展科技.由于它需要的科学技术大部分都不是商业机密,它的谈判能力也在日益提高. 日本的国内市场很大,吸引了很多跨国公司来获得它的许可执照,从而提高了日本的国际地位.同时,日本的劳动力是受过高等教育,很有纪律性的,所以可以很好的学以致用.最后,如果没有专利使用许可的限制,欧美的很多公司将会有很大的市场占有率.
诸如此类的情况集中在一个国家是很少见的.像日本这种情况也许并没有完全展现在科技交流方面,许可协议与跨国公司所有制同样的有效性. 事实上,日本也许发现这种运作方法比起以前效率更低,因为现在它对外来科技的需求仅仅依赖于几个公司,并且和这几个公司关系紧密.