搜搜考试网有关指代
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：搜搜考试网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/08/08 14:35:02
老师您好：在2008年广东高考试题中有一道语法填空题， 其中一句：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.He was thinking about ___ day and night. 显然此空应填代词，指代上文“ to help his rice crop grow up quickly”答案为this ,我想我问的是此空是否可填it？ 表近指(指代上下文内容）的代词it,this(that)，such等有什么区别，如何辨析？请老师举例详细说明。
解题思路： 如下
解题过程：
句意是：据说在宋朝时有一个急性子的人很想让他的庄稼长得快些，他日日夜夜都在想这件事情。this ( 想刚说过的事情用this.)
作为代词，it、that和this因其语意不像名词、动词、形容词那么明确，在阅读和翻译时，人们往往对其确切的指代关系搞不清楚，造成对上下文意思的理解错误。从近几年的高考试题看，对上述代词测试的趋向十分明显，为此，了解这些代词的不同功能，弄清它们的指代关系，对阅读和高考都是有益的。
it
1、用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。用于同名同物的场合。
My watch is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.(it＝my watch)
2、代替指示代词that或this。
What’s this? It’s a computer.
What’s that? It’s a pen.
3、用作非人称代词，表示时间、天气、距离、潮汐、自然环境等。
It’s time for lunch.
It was an overcast day.
How far is it from your office to the bank?
It’s high tide.
It was very quiet in the cafe.
It will be lovely in the garden tonight.
4、用于指代性别不详的人或动物，有时指婴、幼儿。
——Who is it? 谁（敲门）啊？
——It’s me , Lin Wei.
Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs two kilos.
5、用作指示代词，指代前文已提到或后文将提到的事情。
You have saved my life; I’ll never forget it.
The statesman was murdered last night. It was a terrible blow to the people.
I cannot but dwell happily on it——I’ll see my girl friend again after such a long separation.
6、用作引导词（即先行代词），在句中作形式主语或形式宾语，代替后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、从句，或引导强调结构。
（1）代替动词不定式（短语）。
It is a great joy to battle against nature.
It’s nice not to be dependent on them.
It is necessary for him to go there.（由for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语）
It’s very good of you to have listened to me.（由of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语）
He thought it unnecessary to quarrel with him over trifles.
Don’t you consider it better not to disturb him now?
（2）代替动名词短语，作主语或宾语。
It’s no use talking to him about it.
Is it worth while making such an experiment?
I found it worth while discussing the problem.
The young teacher found it not so hard conducting a class full of naughty boys.
（3）代替由从属连词that引导，或由连接代词及连接副词引导的从句，在句中作主语或宾语。
It was evident that victory had returned.
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
It hasn’t been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
It was clear enough what she meant.
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
（4）用在强调结构中，表示所强调的内容。
It is the people that (who) are really powerful.
It was on Sunday night that all this happened.
that
1、用于打电话或其它听得见而看不到的场合。
Who is that?
Is that you, John?
2、代替前面提到的名词（即“定冠词／物主代词＋名词”），以避免重复。用于同名异物的场合。
The population of China is larger than that of Japan. (that代替the population)
My seat was next to that of the mayor. (that代替the seat)
He lost his gold watch and that was his grandfather’s. (that＝his gold watch)
3、用来指前面所提到的情况，代替上文。
We see him when he comes to town, but that isn’t often.（that指代上文整句话） This ship was built in less than a year, and that in the midst of the war. (that代表前面整个句子的意思)
He is now eleven, and yet can do nothing but read, and that very poorly. (that代表前面整个句子的意思)
this
1、与that相比较，this指空间或时间上较近的事物；that指空间或时间上较远的事物。
比较：
This building was built last year; that one was built many years ago. (前近后远)
She still remembered that bright April afternoon. (过去时间)
You can’t bathe at this time of the year.
2、与that相比较，that指前面提到过的事物；this则指后面将要提到的事物，即“以下所述”。
Larry helped me finish my work and that was very kind of him.
The reason is this.
理由如下。
This is the news of the past twenty-four hours.
以下是过去二十四小时的新闻。
注意：
（1）有时that与this可能同时在一个句子中，我们用that表示“前者”用this表示“后者”。
Work and play are both necessary to health; that (work) gives us energy, and this(play) gives us rest.
Virtue and vice are before you; this leads to misery, that to peace.
善与恶都在你面前；后者（恶）导致不幸，前者（善）通向安宁。
（2）有时this也可指前面提到过的事情。
More and more money is being pumped into the educational system, and it is reasonable to assume this will continue.
越来越多的钱正在被投入到教育系统，而且人们很有理由认为这种情况还将继续下去。
such
such作为代词时，可以指代this/that和these/those所指代的人或物。作为限定词时，
既可指人又可指物，可以与不可数名词以及可数名词的单数和复数连用。 如：
Such was my immediate impression. 这就是我当时的印象。
Such are the results. 结果就是如此。
最终答案：略
解题过程：
句意是：据说在宋朝时有一个急性子的人很想让他的庄稼长得快些，他日日夜夜都在想这件事情。this ( 想刚说过的事情用this.)
作为代词，it、that和this因其语意不像名词、动词、形容词那么明确，在阅读和翻译时，人们往往对其确切的指代关系搞不清楚，造成对上下文意思的理解错误。从近几年的高考试题看，对上述代词测试的趋向十分明显，为此，了解这些代词的不同功能，弄清它们的指代关系，对阅读和高考都是有益的。
it
1、用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。用于同名同物的场合。
My watch is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.(it＝my watch)
2、代替指示代词that或this。
What’s this? It’s a computer.
What’s that? It’s a pen.
3、用作非人称代词，表示时间、天气、距离、潮汐、自然环境等。
It’s time for lunch.
It was an overcast day.
How far is it from your office to the bank?
It’s high tide.
It was very quiet in the cafe.
It will be lovely in the garden tonight.
4、用于指代性别不详的人或动物，有时指婴、幼儿。
——Who is it? 谁（敲门）啊？
——It’s me , Lin Wei.
Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs two kilos.
5、用作指示代词，指代前文已提到或后文将提到的事情。
You have saved my life; I’ll never forget it.
The statesman was murdered last night. It was a terrible blow to the people.
I cannot but dwell happily on it——I’ll see my girl friend again after such a long separation.
6、用作引导词（即先行代词），在句中作形式主语或形式宾语，代替后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、从句，或引导强调结构。
（1）代替动词不定式（短语）。
It is a great joy to battle against nature.
It’s nice not to be dependent on them.
It is necessary for him to go there.（由for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语）
It’s very good of you to have listened to me.（由of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语）
He thought it unnecessary to quarrel with him over trifles.
Don’t you consider it better not to disturb him now?
（2）代替动名词短语，作主语或宾语。
It’s no use talking to him about it.
Is it worth while making such an experiment?
I found it worth while discussing the problem.
The young teacher found it not so hard conducting a class full of naughty boys.
（3）代替由从属连词that引导，或由连接代词及连接副词引导的从句，在句中作主语或宾语。
It was evident that victory had returned.
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
It hasn’t been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
It was clear enough what she meant.
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
（4）用在强调结构中，表示所强调的内容。
It is the people that (who) are really powerful.
It was on Sunday night that all this happened.
that
1、用于打电话或其它听得见而看不到的场合。
Who is that?
Is that you, John?
2、代替前面提到的名词（即“定冠词／物主代词＋名词”），以避免重复。用于同名异物的场合。
The population of China is larger than that of Japan. (that代替the population)
My seat was next to that of the mayor. (that代替the seat)
He lost his gold watch and that was his grandfather’s. (that＝his gold watch)
3、用来指前面所提到的情况，代替上文。
We see him when he comes to town, but that isn’t often.（that指代上文整句话） This ship was built in less than a year, and that in the midst of the war. (that代表前面整个句子的意思)
He is now eleven, and yet can do nothing but read, and that very poorly. (that代表前面整个句子的意思)
this
1、与that相比较，this指空间或时间上较近的事物；that指空间或时间上较远的事物。
比较：
This building was built last year; that one was built many years ago. (前近后远)
She still remembered that bright April afternoon. (过去时间)
You can’t bathe at this time of the year.
2、与that相比较，that指前面提到过的事物；this则指后面将要提到的事物，即“以下所述”。
Larry helped me finish my work and that was very kind of him.
The reason is this.
理由如下。
This is the news of the past twenty-four hours.
以下是过去二十四小时的新闻。
注意：
（1）有时that与this可能同时在一个句子中，我们用that表示“前者”用this表示“后者”。
Work and play are both necessary to health; that (work) gives us energy, and this(play) gives us rest.
Virtue and vice are before you; this leads to misery, that to peace.
善与恶都在你面前；后者（恶）导致不幸，前者（善）通向安宁。
（2）有时this也可指前面提到过的事情。
More and more money is being pumped into the educational system, and it is reasonable to assume this will continue.
越来越多的钱正在被投入到教育系统，而且人们很有理由认为这种情况还将继续下去。
such
such作为代词时，可以指代this/that和these/those所指代的人或物。作为限定词时，
既可指人又可指物，可以与不可数名词以及可数名词的单数和复数连用。 如：
Such was my immediate impression. 这就是我当时的印象。
Such are the results. 结果就是如此。
最终答案：略