抽象名词(抽象名词)
来源:学生作业帮 编辑:搜搜考试网作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/08/03 01:23:35
,什么叫作抽象名词,它在语法中应注意什么?
解题思路: 抽象名词是可以想象但不能触摸的事物的名字.
解题过程:
抽象名词主要指一些抽象概念的名称,它们一般是不可数的,没有复数形式,前面也不能加冠词a,an。下面是一些常见的抽象名词: absence access age agriculture anger
beauty behaviour cancer capacity childhood
comfort concern confidence courage death
democracy depression design duty economy
education energy environment evil existence
experience failure faith fashion fear
finance freedom fun growth happiness
health help history independence industry
insurance intelligence joy justice labour
loneliness love luck magic marriage
mercy music nature patience peace
philosophy pleasure policy poverty power
pride protection purity reality relief
religion respect safety security silence
sleep strength status technology time
trade training transport travel trust
truth violence waste wealth weather
welfare work worth youth
在多数情况下,这种名词都用于单数形式,并不加任何冠词:
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。(谚)
…
但有时也可加定冠词the(a)或不定冠词a或an(b):
a.I did not have the courage to tell you.我没有勇气告诉你。
b.We have a great respect for the professor.我们很尊重教授。
此外有些抽象名词也可用作个体名词,代表具体的东西,这时它可以加不定冠词,也可用于复数形式:
用作抽象名词汇 用作个体名词
What are the principles of democracy? A true democracy allows free speech.
什么是民主的原则? 真正的民主国家允许有言论自由。
It’s beyond my power to help you. The great powers held an international conference.
我没有能力帮助你。 这些大国开了一次国际会议。
Religion meant more and more to her. There are mang religions in the world.
宗教对她变得越来越重要。 世界上有许多种宗教信仰。
抽象名词的数
抽象名词大多是不可数的,不能计数,因而没有单、复数之分。例如:
Honesty is the best policy.
Knowledge is strength.
但也有一些抽象名词是可数的,如victory, a victory, two victories; conference, a conference, several conferences。还有一些抽象名词可以复数形式出现,但不能计数。例如difficulty, difficulties; opinion, opinions。
还有一些抽象名词有复数与非复数两种形式,但表示不同的意义。以experience一词为例:当experience作“经验”解时,它没有复数,但作“经历”解时,两种形式均可。例如:
The salesman met once a week to exchange experience(经验)。
Please tell us about your experiences(经历)in Africa.
有些抽象名词表示抽象概念是不可数名词,而表示具体事物则是可数名词。例如relation作“关系”解是不可数名词,而作“亲戚”解则是可数名词;Youth作“青春”、“青年”(集合体)解是不可数名词,而作“男青年”解则是可数名词;worry作“忧愁”、“烦恼”解是不可数名词,而作“烦恼事”解则是可数名词。
有些抽象名词本身没有复数形式,如果要计数,就得用在语义上与之对应的个体名词。例如:
抽象名词 个体名词
laughter laugh
work job
correspondence(通信)letter, note, ect.
photography photo
permission permit
music song
fun joy
homework exercise
英语中还有少数几个名词,如family, room, mouth, ear,等,似乎只能是可数名词,但实际上这类名词在某些搭配中也可表示抽象概念,从而成为不可数名词,例如to have too much family (=too heavy family burden), to have too much winter (= a too long spell of cold weather); to have too much mouth (= to talk too much), to have too little ear (= to be not inclined to listen to others), to have room for (=to have a need for), to feel the patriot rise... (=to feel the patriotic feelings rise...)等。
英语中还有一些名词(大多是指人的名词),通常作可数名词,但在特殊的搭配中表示人的特质等抽象意义时便成了不可数名词。例如fool本属可数名词,但在to be fool enough (=to be foolish enough), more of a fool (=more foolish), as much of a fool as (=as foolish as), too much of a fool (too foolish) 等搭配中,便表示抽象意义,成为不可数名词。类似的名词还有man,coward, poet, politician, sportsman, scholar 等。例如:
He was enough of a man to tell the truth.
上述这类现象只限于少数名词用在特殊的搭配中。
最终答案:略
解题过程:
抽象名词主要指一些抽象概念的名称,它们一般是不可数的,没有复数形式,前面也不能加冠词a,an。下面是一些常见的抽象名词: absence access age agriculture anger
beauty behaviour cancer capacity childhood
comfort concern confidence courage death
democracy depression design duty economy
education energy environment evil existence
experience failure faith fashion fear
finance freedom fun growth happiness
health help history independence industry
insurance intelligence joy justice labour
loneliness love luck magic marriage
mercy music nature patience peace
philosophy pleasure policy poverty power
pride protection purity reality relief
religion respect safety security silence
sleep strength status technology time
trade training transport travel trust
truth violence waste wealth weather
welfare work worth youth
在多数情况下,这种名词都用于单数形式,并不加任何冠词:
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。(谚)
…
但有时也可加定冠词the(a)或不定冠词a或an(b):
a.I did not have the courage to tell you.我没有勇气告诉你。
b.We have a great respect for the professor.我们很尊重教授。
此外有些抽象名词也可用作个体名词,代表具体的东西,这时它可以加不定冠词,也可用于复数形式:
用作抽象名词汇 用作个体名词
What are the principles of democracy? A true democracy allows free speech.
什么是民主的原则? 真正的民主国家允许有言论自由。
It’s beyond my power to help you. The great powers held an international conference.
我没有能力帮助你。 这些大国开了一次国际会议。
Religion meant more and more to her. There are mang religions in the world.
宗教对她变得越来越重要。 世界上有许多种宗教信仰。
抽象名词的数
抽象名词大多是不可数的,不能计数,因而没有单、复数之分。例如:
Honesty is the best policy.
Knowledge is strength.
但也有一些抽象名词是可数的,如victory, a victory, two victories; conference, a conference, several conferences。还有一些抽象名词可以复数形式出现,但不能计数。例如difficulty, difficulties; opinion, opinions。
还有一些抽象名词有复数与非复数两种形式,但表示不同的意义。以experience一词为例:当experience作“经验”解时,它没有复数,但作“经历”解时,两种形式均可。例如:
The salesman met once a week to exchange experience(经验)。
Please tell us about your experiences(经历)in Africa.
有些抽象名词表示抽象概念是不可数名词,而表示具体事物则是可数名词。例如relation作“关系”解是不可数名词,而作“亲戚”解则是可数名词;Youth作“青春”、“青年”(集合体)解是不可数名词,而作“男青年”解则是可数名词;worry作“忧愁”、“烦恼”解是不可数名词,而作“烦恼事”解则是可数名词。
有些抽象名词本身没有复数形式,如果要计数,就得用在语义上与之对应的个体名词。例如:
抽象名词 个体名词
laughter laugh
work job
correspondence(通信)letter, note, ect.
photography photo
permission permit
music song
fun joy
homework exercise
英语中还有少数几个名词,如family, room, mouth, ear,等,似乎只能是可数名词,但实际上这类名词在某些搭配中也可表示抽象概念,从而成为不可数名词,例如to have too much family (=too heavy family burden), to have too much winter (= a too long spell of cold weather); to have too much mouth (= to talk too much), to have too little ear (= to be not inclined to listen to others), to have room for (=to have a need for), to feel the patriot rise... (=to feel the patriotic feelings rise...)等。
英语中还有一些名词(大多是指人的名词),通常作可数名词,但在特殊的搭配中表示人的特质等抽象意义时便成了不可数名词。例如fool本属可数名词,但在to be fool enough (=to be foolish enough), more of a fool (=more foolish), as much of a fool as (=as foolish as), too much of a fool (too foolish) 等搭配中,便表示抽象意义,成为不可数名词。类似的名词还有man,coward, poet, politician, sportsman, scholar 等。例如:
He was enough of a man to tell the truth.
上述这类现象只限于少数名词用在特殊的搭配中。
最终答案:略