一道英语问题,求教,Cultuer - by which I chiefly mean the fine arts -

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一道英语问题,求教,
Cultuer - by which I chiefly mean the fine arts - has always depended on the partronage of private individuals.
最不会这种了,从句里的 by 原来是在哪呢?还原回去是什么样子呢?
呃打的太急了单词错的有点多，
Culture - by which I chiefly mean the fine arts - has always depended on the patronage of private individuals.
我知道这个是定语从句，也知道which是修饰culture，就是没太看出来by是哪里的？

看的出来,你这句话是看的懂的,但是就是有点嚼文咬字,其实没有这个必要.如果非要还原,那么就是I chiefly mean the fine arts by Culture,意思是每当作者提到文化的时候,他指的其实并不是一般人所公认的文化概念,而是指艺术.by在这里是指依靠,凭借,就是借"culture"这个词来指代“fine arts”,其实没必要搞得这没清楚,不然一本英语原版书籍你一年也看不完.

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