严格来讲,英语语法中是没有将来时态的,为什么
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严格来讲,英语语法中是没有将来时态的,为什么
![严格来讲,英语语法中是没有将来时态的,为什么](/uploads/image/z/805029-69-9.jpg?t=%E4%B8%A5%E6%A0%BC%E6%9D%A5%E8%AE%B2%2C%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%AD%E6%98%AF%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%B0%86%E6%9D%A5%E6%97%B6%E6%80%81%E7%9A%84%2C%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)
应为英语语法中可以用一般时态表将来时态
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情.例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后.
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行.例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了.
3)在时间或条件句中.例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你.
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中.例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了.
——————
一、一般现在时主要用于:
1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作. e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示现在的特征或状态. e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理. e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说. e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?
Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时.
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等.
二、一般过去时主要用于:
1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、谈到过去的情况时 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、谈到已死人的情况时 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间.
三、现在完成时主要用于:
1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和.
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作.
e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事.
与这一时态连用的时间状语有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句.
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等).
现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况.
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为: Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久.e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章.(还在写)
cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇文章.(已写完)
It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨.
五、过去完成时
1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来.
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时. e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束.
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间.
(六)现在进行时主要用于:
1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作. e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感情色彩.
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切)
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好.(赞扬)
You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛.(厌烦)
3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时. e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等.
七、过去进行时主要用于: 表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作.
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作.
What were you doing this time yesterday?
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等.
用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间.
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
注:
1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时,从句常用过去进行时.
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作并列连词,意为“这时”,连接两分句时,第一句多用过去进行时.
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:
一般过去时:强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作.
过去进行时:强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作.
试区别下面两句:
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库.(可能尚未建成)
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库.(已经建成)
八、一般将来时主要用于: 表示将要发生的动作或情况
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等.
一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:
一般将来时态 :主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况.
be going to 结构 :①表(主观上)打算或准备做某事时. ②表有发生某事的预兆时.
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
据以上区别,故下面一句是错的:
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为: I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 结构 :意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性.
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题.
be to do sth 结构: 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事.
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered fo
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情.例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后.
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行.例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了.
3)在时间或条件句中.例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你.
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中.例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了.
——————
一、一般现在时主要用于:
1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作. e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示现在的特征或状态. e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理. e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说. e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?
Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时.
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等.
二、一般过去时主要用于:
1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、谈到过去的情况时 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、谈到已死人的情况时 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间.
三、现在完成时主要用于:
1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和.
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作.
e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事.
与这一时态连用的时间状语有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句.
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等).
现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况.
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为: Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久.e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章.(还在写)
cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇文章.(已写完)
It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨.
五、过去完成时
1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来.
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时. e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束.
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间.
(六)现在进行时主要用于:
1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作. e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感情色彩.
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切)
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好.(赞扬)
You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛.(厌烦)
3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时. e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等.
七、过去进行时主要用于: 表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作.
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作.
What were you doing this time yesterday?
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等.
用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间.
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
注:
1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时,从句常用过去进行时.
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作并列连词,意为“这时”,连接两分句时,第一句多用过去进行时.
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:
一般过去时:强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作.
过去进行时:强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作.
试区别下面两句:
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库.(可能尚未建成)
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库.(已经建成)
八、一般将来时主要用于: 表示将要发生的动作或情况
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等.
一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:
一般将来时态 :主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况.
be going to 结构 :①表(主观上)打算或准备做某事时. ②表有发生某事的预兆时.
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
据以上区别,故下面一句是错的:
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为: I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 结构 :意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性.
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题.
be to do sth 结构: 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事.
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered fo
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